What is GNSS Toll System?
The GNSS Toll System is an advanced satellite-based toll collection system using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. Instead of stopping at toll booths or using RFID tags like FASTag, this system automatically calculates toll charges based on the exact distance traveled by a vehicle on tolled highways. This is done through a combination of satellites and onboard devices fitted in vehicles.
How Does the GNSS Toll System Work?
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Vehicles are equipped with an onboard device called an On-Board Unit (OBU) which is connected to GNSS satellites such as GPS or India's NavIC.
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This OBU continuously tracks the vehicle’s location and distance traveled on toll highways.
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As the vehicle moves, data is sent to a centralized toll charger that calculates the toll based on the traveled distance.
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Toll charges are automatically deducted from the user's linked digital wallet or bank account.
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The system allows vehicles to pass through toll plazas without stopping, enabling a seamless and barrier-free toll collection experience.
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Additionally, there’s a provision for toll-free travel up to 20 kilometers per direction each day.
Advantages and Disadvantages of GNSS Toll Systems
Advantages:
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No need to stop at toll booths: Vehicles can move without halting, eliminating traffic jams and saving time.
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Accurate distance-based tolling: Users pay only for the distance they actually travel, making toll charges fairer.
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Reduces toll evasion and leakage: Automated tracking limits manual errors and fraudulent practices.
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Environmentally friendly: Less idling at toll booths reduces fuel consumption and pollution.
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Lower maintenance costs: Unlike RFID tags, no physical lanes or scanners needed for toll collection.
Disadvantages:
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Privacy concerns: Continuous vehicle tracking raises data protection and privacy issues.
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Technical challenges: Dependence on OBU devices and satellite connectivity could lead to issues if equipment fails or signal weakens.
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Initial rollout limited to commercial vehicles: Personal vehicles may take longer to adapt.
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Penalty for non-GNSS vehicles using dedicated lanes: Could lead to fines or double toll charges.
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Public awareness and acceptance: Transition from FASTag to GNSS requires educating the users.
Will GNSS Toll System Eliminate FASTags?
The GNSS system is designed to eventually replace the FASTag system, but the transition will be gradual. Initially, both systems will coexist in a hybrid model where RFID-based FASTag lanes and GNSS lanes operate simultaneously. Over time, as GNSS technology matures and adoption increases, it is expected that the reliance on FASTags will decrease significantly.
Why is GNSS Toll System Being Implemented in India?
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To make toll collection faster and more efficient by eliminating long queues at toll booths.
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To promote digital payments and support the Digital India initiative.
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To enhance traffic management through real-time vehicle tracking.
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To reduce environmental impact by minimizing vehicle stoppage and emissions.
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To leverage India’s indigenous satellite navigation system, NavIC, for greater autonomy.
Challenges Associated with GNSS Toll System
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Building the technology infrastructure nationwide including reliable OBU installations.
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Ensuring data security and privacy as tracking requires sensitive location data.
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Implementing the system for private vehicles after initial commercial vehicle rollout.
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Preventing software hacking and fraud related to toll data.
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Achieving public acceptance and smooth transition from existing methods.
FAQs on GNSS Toll System
Q1. How many kilometers are toll-free?
Vehicles can travel up to 20 kilometers in each direction per day without being charged toll.
Q2. Which countries use GPS-based toll collection?
Several countries including Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, and many European nations use GPS or GNSS-based toll systems.
Q3. What is the full form of GNSS?
Global Navigation Satellite System.
Q4. How does GNSS measure speed?
By receiving signals from multiple satellites, the onboard device calculates the vehicle’s location over time to determine speed and distance.
Q5. What is an OBU?
On-Board Unit, an electronic device installed in vehicles that communicates with satellites to track distance for toll calculation.
The GNSS toll system marks a significant leap toward modernizing toll collection in India. It offers a seamless, fair, and efficient way to pay tolls, aligning with global best practices. While it replaces traditional FASTag eventually, the hybrid approach ensures a smooth transition for all roadway users.
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